Objective To explore the factors associated with intraoperative hypoxemia in tracheobronchial foreign body removal with rigid bronchoscope under general anesthesia in children. Methods Clinical data of 432 children undergoing tracheobronchial foreign body removal with rigid bronchoscope under general anesthesia were studied retrospectively, and the correlations between the degree of intraoperative hypoxemia and patients' age, the position and duration of foreign body stay as well as the preoperative pulmonary complications were analyzed. Results Severe intraoperative hypoxemia was correlated with patients' age, the position and duration of foreign body stay as well as the preoperative pulmonary complications (P<0.05). And there were no correlations among the occurrence of mild and moderate intraoperative hypoxemia and the above-mentioned factors (P>0.05). Conclusion Children's age, the position and duration of foreign body stay, and preoperative pulmonary complications were correlated with the occurrence of severe intraoperative hypoxemia.