Objective To analyze the audiological characteristics and discuss the surgical effect of patients with tympanosclerosis of different types, so as to provide reference for preoperative evaluation.Methods Clinical data of 135 tympanosclerosis patients (135 ears) surgically treated were retrospectively analyzed, and their audiological data before and after operation were compared.Results Conduction deafness was common in type Ⅰ and Ⅱ tympanosclerosis patients (71.4% and 68.8%, respectively), and mixed deafness was frequent in type Ⅳ tympanosclerosis patients (66.7%). The auditory curve of tympanosclerosis was mainly flat. The incidence of Carhart notch was 13.3% (18/135) in all the patients, and 38.9% in those with type Ⅳ tympanosclerosis on audiogram. The postoperative values of air-bone gap (ABG) and pure tone average (PTA) were lower than the preoperative ones in all types of tympanosclerosis except type Ⅲ. The success rate of operation was the highest in type Ⅰ tympanosclerosis (79.0%), and the lowest in type Ⅳ (63.9%).Conclusions The audiogram of patients with tympanosclerosis is mostly flat, and mixed deafness is most common in type Ⅳ tympanosclerosis. The appearance of Carhart notch may indicate fixation of the stapes. Surgical removal of the sclerotic lesions is the main treatment modality with the highest success rate for type Ⅰ and the lowest for type Ⅳ tympanosclerosis.