The etiology of idiopathic sudden deafness (i.e. idiopathic sudden sensorineural deafness or "sudden deafness" for short) is unknown. The possible causes includes viral infection, vascular, immune, metabolic and genetic factors. The etiology of sudden deafness has been investigated continuously, but no definite conclusion has been reached. Previous domestic studies were mostly based on the relatively micro level of individual clinical examination reports. With the electronic and integrated case data, big data analysis has also greatly assisted disease-related scientific research. Benefitting from this, more and more foreign studies have focused on the correlation between sudden deafness and other diseases at the macro level and in a large sample size population. Whereas the results are still different, and no relevant review has been seen, which is not conducive to direct reading of Chinese people. Therefore, from the perspective of big data, this paper will conduct a literature review on the correlation between sudden deafness and other diseases mainly based on large-scale population studies, that is, investigate and summarize the causes of sudden deafness from multiple levels and dimensions.