Serum inflammation indexs, a novel class of biomarkers calculated based on the counts of peripheral blood inflammatory-related cells, reflect the body's systemic inflammatory status. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of most malignant tumors, with chronic persistent inflammation ultimately inducing tumorigenesis and promoting cancer progression. Extensive studies have demonstrated that inflammatory indexs correlate with prognosis and clinical outcomes in various malignancies, serving as potential serum biomarkers for prognostic evaluation. In recent years, the global incidence of thyroid cancer has shown a significant upward trend, with substantial prognostic differences among different pathological subtypes. Consequently, research on the relationship between serum inflammation indexs and thyroid cancer prognosis has become a focus of scientific inquiry. This review summarizes the predictive value of serum inflammation indexs for survival outcomes, recurrence/metastasis, and treatment efficacy across different thyroid cancer subtypes, aiming to provide evidence-based support for clinical decision-making.