Abstract: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ranks among the most significant malignant tumors globally, with its complex biomechanical characteristics playing a pivotal role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. In recent years, with the continuous advancement of biomechanical research techniques, increasing evidence indicates that the mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment (TME) exert significant regulatory effects on tumor cell behaviour. This study delves into the mechanical attributes of the head and neck cancer microenvironment, the mechanical responses of tumor cells, and their role in treatment resistance. Furthermore, it explores the potential applications of biomechanics in therapeutic strategies, aiming to provide scientific rationale for precision treatment of head and neck cancer.